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Staging
Suggestions
June, 2000
Use of data
from other studies cited above would help individualize the staging
evaluation for each patient. Our suggestions for staging are shown
in the tables below. These are conceptual and based partly on the data
discussed above. A large scale analysis of such an approach would
need to be done since percentages shown below have not been determined
by actual patient studies. The tables below show possible predictive
results, using the Partin, Narayan, Huncharek, Chybowski, and Oesterling
findings and how these results may reflect on our advice for staging
studies.
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Predictive findings using Partin,
Narayan tables or PSA/PAP |
Suggestions for determining extent
of disease |
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If Partin/Narayan tables predict
> 80% for organ confined
disease |
Forego endorectal MRI or ProstaScint |
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If Partin/Narayan tables predict
< 10% for capsular penetration,
extra-capsular extension or seminal vesicle involvement |
Forego endorectal MRI
(pelvic CT or MRI too insensitive)
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If PSA < 10 ( and Gleason’s
score also < 8) |
Forego bone scan |
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If Partin-Narayan predicts > 20%
for capsular penetration or > 10% for seminal vesicle
involvement |
Do Endorectal MRI to exclude extra-prostatic
disease
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If Partin/Narayan predicts > 10%
for nodal involvement |
Do ProstaScint scan, but first do
a bone scan; confirm ProstaScint with other tests such as laparoscopy,
mini-laparotomy or lymphangiogram |
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If PSA doubling time < 3 months
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Do bone scan & ProstaScint, if
both negative, do endorectal MRI |
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If PAP (prostatic acid phosphatase)
is > 3.0 ng/dL [use enzymatic immunoassay) |
Do bone scan & ProstaScint, if
both negative, do endorectal MRI |
The Partin, Narayan, Bluestein,
D’Amico and Lerner analyses, if used routinely for each patient being
considered for any local therapy, would indicate the likelihood of
OCD as well as the risk for capsular penetration, seminal vesicle invasion
and lymph node involvement. This would highlight the need for a more
or less intensive staging evaluation. These predictive tables should
allow for a frank and honest discussion with the patient about the
probability that his cancer may be organ-confined disease and the relative
likelihood that a local therapy will truly eradicate disease. Furthermore,
these investigations have given us insight as to the value or lack
of value of certain radiologic studies. This, too, should focus our
efforts more effectively in the patient’s behalf.
As more papers are written
on the pre-operative evaluation of the prostate cancer patient and correlated
with the extent of disease at surgery, we can further refine the suggestions
we make to our patients. There is a serious need for a task force to
examine these prognostic tools and create a practical working model
that can be used. The predictive algorithms described in this booklet
have been converted into computer software for the ease of the newly-diagnosed
patient with PC. This information can be accessed through our Website
at www.prostate-cancer.org.
Patients should no longer
be subjected to whimsical workups that are not based on anything more
than the individual physician’s gestalt as to what the patient’s status
actually is. Until the time comes when accurate staging is no longer
relevant to a successful outcome, we must continue to "do our
homework" with each patient. For now, we need to present what
we honestly know to the patient and allow the patient to become an
active participant in the treatment decision-making processes.
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